DefinitionAn <STIRLING ENGINE> is an <EXTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE> that is a reciprocating engine consisting essentially of a cylinder with a working piston and a displacer. When the gas in the cylinder is heated it expands, driving the working piston. The displacer then transfers the gas to a cold region for cooling; it is then recompressed by the working piston and transferred by the displacer to the hot region to start the cycle again.
The term "closed-cycle" means that the working gas is permanently contained within the cylinder, unlike the "open-cycle" internal combustion engine and some steam engines, which vent the working fluid to the atmosphere.